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NOAA-CIRES-DOE 20th Century Reanalysis V3

NOAA-CIRES-DOE 20th Century Reanalysis V3 contains objectively-analyzed 4-dimensional weather maps and their uncertainty from the early 19th century to the 21st century.

Using a state-of-the-art data assimilation system and surface pressure observations, the NOAA-CIRES-DOE Twentieth Century Reanalysis (20CR) project has generated a four-dimensional global atmospheric dataset of weather spanning 1836 to 2015 to place current atmospheric circulation patterns into a historical perspective. The APDRC serves daily mean and monthly output for select variables.

More information of the reananlysis:The Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project

Citation:

• The NOAA-CIRES-DOE Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project version 3 used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center managed by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and used resources of NOAA's Remotely Deployed High Performance Computing Systems.
• Papers using the NOAA-CIRES-DOE Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project version 3 dataset are requested to include the following text in their acknowledgments: "Support for the Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project version 3 dataset is provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science Biological and Environmental Research (BER), by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office, and by the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Physical Sciences Division."

Detailed Description:

• Observations (Pressure): ISPD version 4.7. The surface pressure observations have been made available through international cooperation facilitated by the Atmospheric Circulation Reconstructions over the Earth (ACRE) initiative and working groups of the Global Climate Observing System and World Climate Research Programme.
• Sea Surface Temperature Boundary Condition: prior to 1981(20CRv3.SI): 8 members of pentad interpolated to daily Simple Ocean Data Assimilation with Sparse Input (SODAsi) version 3 (SODAsi.3, Giese et al. 2016) seasonally adjusted to the 1981-2010 HadISST2.2 climatology. Regions where sea ice was ever indicated in HadISST2.3 are filled with: HadISST2.2 daily (1963+); HadISST2.1 monthly interpolated to daily (1850-1962); or the 1861–1891 HadISST2.1 climatology (1849 and earlier). 1981 and later (20CRv3.MO): 8 members of pentad interpolated to daily HadISST2.2 sea surface temperatures. Sea Ice Concentration Boundary Condition: monthly HadISST2.3 sea ice (Slivinski et al. 2019; Titchner & Rayner 2014; Walsh et al. 2015).
• Model: NCEP GFS v14.0.1; Noah land surface model and thermodynamic ice model as described in Compo et al. (2011).
• Model Resolution:  20CRv3 is run at a resolution of T254 (approximately 75km at the equator) with 64 vertical levels up to .3mb and 80 individual ensemble members.
• Assimilation: Ensemble Filter as in 20CRv2 and 20CRv2c, and as described in Compo et al. (2011), Compo et al. (2006), Whitaker et al. (2004), but additionally using a 4-dimensional incremental analysis update (Lei & Whitaker 2016).
• Streams: As in Compo et al. 2011, every 5th year is produced in parallel for a continuous 5 year stream that started from September of stream year-1. Stream years are 1835, 1840,..., 2005, 2010. Released data start in January of stream year + 1, e.g., 1836 to 1840, 1841 to 1845, ..., 2010 to 2015. Stream year 2010 will be extended beyond 2015.
• Model Notes: Version 14.0.1 of the GFS became operational at NCEP in fall 2017. Several adjustments were made to the operational model prior to implementation in the 20CRv3 system. First, the operational model includes an ensemble run at a resolution of T574, with a single deterministic forecast run at a resolution of T1534. The version of the GFS used in 20CRv3 is run at a resolution of T254. Second, the dry air mass is specified to be 98.305 kPa (Trenberth and Smith, 2005). Third, as in 20CRv2c, sea ice concentrations are allowed down to 0.15. Fourth, the radiation interacts with CMIP5 ozone from 1850 onwards (Cionni et al., 2011)); prior to 1850, it uses 1850-level CMIP5 ozone. The model still advances a prognostic ozone determined from a gas-phase parameterization of linearized ozone production and loss (McCormack et al., 2006) implemented by NCEP/EMC (Moorthi, pers. comm.) This prognostic ozone is output during model forecasts, but is not used in the internal radiation computations. This was done to prevent spurious trends associated with the fact that the prognostic ozone scheme was developed for conditions that existed in the late 20th century, including ozone depletion and the 'ozone hole' associated with CFC emissions. Next, the solar forcing in 20CRv3 is determined from the Total Solar Irradiance Reconstruction based on NRLTSI2 (Coddington et al., 2016). Volcanic aerosols in 20CRv3 are prescribed as per Crowley and Unterman (2013). A hybrid eddy-diffusivity mass-flux boundary layer parameterization was used as described by Han et al. (2016), but the dissipative heating in tropical cyclones that is used operationally was turned off for 20CRv3 (Pegion, pers. comm.) The coefficients that determine the auto-conversion from ice to snow were decreased from the operational values of (6e-4, 3e-4) to (2e-4, 2e-4) as the larger values were found to give a substantial warm bias in the global mid-troposphere. These lower values appear to be more consistent with the reduced spatial resolution used here. The model uses two stochastic physics schemes: Stochastically Perturbed Parametrization Tendencies (SPPT; Palmer et al. (2009); Shutts et al. (2011)) and specific humidity perturbations (SHUM; Tompkins and Berner (2008)), which perturbs the humidity fields directly (see Wang et al. (2019) for a description of the GFS implementation). The snow depth and lower 3 soil moisture levels are both subject to a 60-day relaxation to monthly climatology (Saha et al., 2010). The prescribed CO2 and other physical parameterizations are unchanged from 20CRv2c and are described by Compo et al. (2011); Saha et al. (2010) and summarized by Fujiwara et al. (2017).

• Slivinski, L. C., Compo, G. P., Whitaker, J. S., Sardeshmukh, P. D., Giese, B. S., McColl, C., Allan, R., Yin, X., Vose, R., Titchner, H., Kennedy, J., Spencer, L. J., Ashcroft, L., Brönnimann, S., Brunet, M., Camuffo, D., Cornes, R., Cram, T. A., Crouthamel, R., Domínguez-Castro, F., Freeman, J. E., Gergis, J., Hawkins, E., Jones, P. D., Jourdain, S., Kaplan, A., Kubota, H., Le Blancq, F., Lee, T., Lorrey, A., Luterbacher, J., Maugeri, M., Mock, C. J., Moore, G. K., Przybylak, R., Pudmenzky, C., Reason, C., Slonosky, V. C., Smith, C., Tinz, B., Trewin, B., Valente, M. A., Wang, X. L., Wilkinson, C., Wood, K. and Wyszyński, P. (2019), Towards a more reliable historical reanalysis: Improvements for version 3 of the Twentieth Century Reanalysis system. Q J R Meteorol Soc. (accepted) doi:10.1002/qj.3598.
• Giese, B.S., H.F. Seidel, G.P. Compo, and P.D. Sardeshmukh, 2016: An ensemble of ocean reanalyses for 1815-2013 with sparse observational input. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 121, 6891-6910, doi:10.1002/2016JC012079.
• Compo, G.P., J.S. Whitaker, P.D. Sardeshmukh, N. Matsui, R.J. Allan, X. Yin, B.E. Gleason, R.S. Vose, G. Rutledge, P. Bessemoulin, S. Brönnimann, M. Brunet, R.I. Crouthamel, A.N. Grant, P.Y. Groisman, P.D. Jones, M. Kruk, A.C. Kruger, G.J. Marshall, M. Maugeri, H.Y. Mok, Ø. Nordli, T.F. Ross, R.M. Trigo, X.L. Wang, S.D. Woodruff, and S.J. Worley, 2011: The Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project. Quarterly J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 137, 1-28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.776.

Variables	Monolevel: Air Temperature at 2 m (degK), Albedo at Surface (%), Convective Available Potential Energy (J/kg), Clear Sky UV-B Downward Solar Flux (W m^2), Categorical Freezing Rain at Surface (1), Categorical Ice Pellets at surface (1), Convective Inhibition (J/kg), Plant Canopy Surface Water (kg m^2/), Convective Precipitation Rate (kg/m^2/s), Categorical Rain at Surface (1), Categorical Snow at Surface (1), Downward Longwave Radiation Flux (W/m^2) Downward Solar Radiation Flux (W/m^2), Downward Solar Flux at Surface (W m^2), Ground Heat Flux at Surface (W m^2), Height of Pressure Boundary Layer (m), Ice Concentration at Surface (frac.), Ice Thickness at Surface (m), Latent Heat Net Flux (W/m^2), Potential Evaporation Rate at surface (W/m^2), Precipitation Rate at Surface (kg/m^2/s), Pressure at Surface (Pa), Relative Humidity at 2 m (kg/kg), Sensible Heat Net Flux (W/m^2), Specific Humidity at 2 m (kg/kg), SST/Land Skin Temperature (degK), Maximum Temperature at 2 m (degK), Minimum Temperature at 2 m (degK), Zonal Gravity Wave Stress at Surface (N/m^2), Meridional Gravity Wave Stress at surface (N/m^2), Upward Longwave Radiation Flux (W/m^2), Upward Shortwave Radiation Flux (W/m^2), U Wind at 10m (m/s), V Wind at 10m (m/s) Pressure levels: Air Temperature (degK), Geopotential Height (m), Vertical Air Velocity Expressed as Tendency of Pressure (Pascal/s), Relative Humidity (kg/kg), Specific Humidity (kg/kg), U Wind (m/s), V Wind (m/s)
Zonal	Global, (360x181) by 1 degree
Meridional	Global, (360x181) by 1 degree
Vertical	28 pressure levels; mono level (surface, 2m, 10m)
Temporal	daily average: Jan 1, 1836 to Dec 31, 2015 by 1 day; Monthly: Jan 1836 to Dec 2015 by 1 month
Static?	no
Volume	Daily: 95MB/year/monolevel variable; 2.6GB/year/3d variable; Monthly: 3MB/year/monolevel variable; 87.5MB/year/3d variable
Server	public:
Source	https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.20thC_ReanV3.html Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project
Acquired	Oct 21, 2019
APDRC contact
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